EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD)

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL EMULGEL FOR MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Shweta Sunil kharat, Pooja Muley, Dipali Raut — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and destruction of joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and impaired mobility. Conventional treatments often focus on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression, but they may come with side effects and limited efficacy. Herbal remedies have gained attention for their potential to alleviate RA symptoms with fewer adverse effects.This project aims to develop a polyherbal emulgel, a topical formulation, utilizing the synergistic effects of Vitex negundo, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, and Zingiber officinale, known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. Vitex negundo (Nirgundi) possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, while Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) enhances the bioavailability of other herbal components, and Zingiberofficinale (Ginger) exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.The emulgel formulation offers the advantage of both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, ensuring better skin penetration and prolonged drug release. This project will involve the optimization of formulation parameters such as the concentration of herbal extracts, emulsifiers, and gelling agents to achieve the desired rheological and therapeutic properties .The developed polyherbal emulgel has the potential to provide symptomatic relief, reduce inflammation, and improve joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, offering a safer and more holistic alternative to conventional therapies. The emulgel formulation was optimized for maximum efficacy and stability. Evaluation of the emulgel's physicochemical properties, such as pH, viscosity, and spreadability, stability testing ,rheogical behavior was conducted.

A REVIEW ON HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)

Dr.Sunil S.Jaybhaye, Aniket Narayan Tompe — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an important qualitative and quantitative technique, generally used for the estimation of pharmaceutical and biological samples. HPLC is the most often used separation technology for detecting, separating, and quantifying the drug. HPLC technique development and validation serve critical roles in novel drug discovery, development, and manufacturing, as well as a variety of other human and animal investigations. HPLC instrumentation includes a Solvent reservoir, pump, injector, column, detector, and integrator or acquisition and display system. The heart of the system is the column where separation occurs. The information that can be obtained using HPLC includes identification, quantification, and resolution of a compound.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON THE EXTENSION AND COMMUNITY SERVICES OF THE COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (2019-2021)

Daryll R. Gabutin, Medel E. Aloroy, Ramon S. Dueňas — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Extension and community service of the college provides an in-depth evaluation of many aspects of community extension activities and their impact on beneficiaries. The demographic profile of beneficiaries, which includes age, gender, educational attainment, work status, income levels, and occupational positions, provides valuable insights into the characteristics of program participants. In particular, there is a gender discrepancy among recipients, with men outnumbering women, indicating potential biases or barriers to equal participation. The data also shows a high degree of participation and agreement among extension project beneficiaries and implementers, underscoring the importance of community involvement and collaboration in achieving good results.

Data provides insight into the frequency and percentage of participants in various training and seminar programs, demonstrating the variable levels of involvement across efforts. Respondent ratings for acquired knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, economic impact, social impact, environmental impact, planning, implementation, monitoring, and overall satisfaction with extension services show a strong alignment on the programs' positive effects and benefits. The high ratings across a variety of factors indicate a high degree of satisfaction and agreement with the training's effectiveness in developing skills, knowledge, attitudes, economic outcomes, social impact, and environmental sustainability.

Findings highlight the necessity of individualized extension programs that satisfy participants' different needs and preferences, encourage community engagement, and empower individuals to improve their knowledge, skills, and overall well-being. The extension services have a good impact on the community, underlining the importance of continuing to provide innovative and timely training to improve self-capabilities and contribute to beneficiaries' overall growth and empowerment.

PROBLEMS OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT CULTURE OF STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES

Kurbonova Nilufar Nasriddinovna — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines issues related to the development of speech culture of students studying English philology and their solutions.

TYPES AND CONTENT OF INTERACTIVE AND DIDACTICAL TOOLS USED IN ENGLISH LESSONS IN PRIMARY CLASSES OF GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL

Mavlonova Rano Murtazo qizi — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses issues related to teaching English in the primary grades of secondary schools

NATURAL HAIR CARE: FORMULATING AND EVALUATING A HERBAL SHAMPOO BLEND

Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The growing demand for natural and eco-friendly personal care products has spurred interest in herbal shampoos. This research paper presents the formulation and evaluation of a herbal shampoo incorporating a blend of beneficial botanical ingredients: aloe vera gel, soapnut (reetha) extract, bhringraj (Eclipta alba), lavender oil, grapefruit seed extract, xanthan gum, citric acid, hibiscus extract, and distilled water. The aim is to create a shampoo that not only effectively cleanses the hair but also provides nourishment and promotes overall hair health.

Aloe vera gel was selected for its soothing and moisturizing properties, while soapnut extract served as the natural surfactant, ensuring gentle cleansing. Bhringraj was included for its renowned hair-strengthening and growth-promoting effects. Lavender oil was chosen for its soothing fragrance and scalp conditioning benefits, and grapefruit seed extract acted as a natural preservative. Xanthan gum was utilized as a thickening agent to enhance the shampoo’s viscosity, and citric acid was employed to adjust the pH to a scalp-friendly level. Hibiscus extract was added for its conditioning properties, providing a natural shine and softness to the hair.

The formulation process Involved careful blending of these ingredients to achieve a stable and homogenous mixture. The shampoo was then subjected to various evaluations, including physical and chemical stability tests, foaming capacity, and pH measurement. Additionally, the effectiveness of the herbal shampoo was assessed through user trials, focusing on parameters such as cleansing efficiency, ease of application, rinse-ability, and post-wash hair feel.

Results indicated that the formulated herbal shampoo possessed desirable physicochemical properties, maintained stability over time, and provided satisfactory cleansing and conditioning effects. User feedback highlighted improvements in hair texture, reduced scalp irritation, and enhanced overall hair health.

In conclusion, the herbal shampoo formulated in this study presents a viable alternative to conventional shampoos, offering natural and effective hair care with minimal chemical additives. Further studies may explore the long-term benefits and potential enhancements to this formulation to cater to diverse hair types and conditions.

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A MOISTURIZING CREAM WITH GLYCERINE AND ESSENTIAL OILS

Anjali Madan Takle, Dr. Gulshan Rathi, Madhuri Bade, Pooja Fauzdar Nishad — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper presents the formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing cream composed of glycerine, emulsifying wax, citric acid, lavender oil, chamomile oil, and distilled water. The objective was to create a hydrating, soothing, and skin-friendly product leveraging the natural properties of the selected ingredients. Glycerine, a potent humectant, was used to enhance skin hydration. Emulsifying wax served as a stabilizer to ensure a consistent and smooth cream texture. Citric acid was included to maintain the appropriate pH level for skin compatibility. Essential oils, specifically lavender and chamomile, were chosen for their calming and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their pleasant fragrance.

The formulation process Involved combining the oil and water phases, followed by the incorporation of active ingredients and essential oils. The resulting cream was subjected to a series of evaluations to determine its organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, moisturizing efficacy, and stability.

Results indicated that the cream had a pleasant texture, appropriate pH (5-7), and excellent spreadability. It provided significant hydration and demonstrated good stability over time. No adverse reactions were observed during skin irritation tests, affirming the product’s safety for regular use. This study concludes that the formulated moisturizing cream effectively combines natural ingredients to offer superior skin hydration and soothing benefits, making it a viable option for daily skincare.

INFLUENCE OF COLONIALISM ON INDIGENOUS EDUCATION SYSTEMS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Dr.Pranay Pandey, Prof. (Dr.) Pragyan Mohanty — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study explore the profound impact of colonialism on indigenous education systems, examining historical trajectories, enduring legacies, contemporary challenges, and opportunities for decolonization. Drawing on a qualitative and historical research design, the study synthesizes existing literature and analyzes primary sources to shed light on the complex dynamics of colonial interventions in indigenous education. Key findings reveal the deliberate imposition of Eurocentric education systems by colonial powers, aimed at erasing indigenous languages, knowledge, and cultural practices. Missionaries and colonial administrators played pivotal roles in implementing and perpetuating these systems, often collaborating to advance colonial agendas. The enduring legacy of colonialism manifests in the marginalization of indigenous languages, knowledge systems, and cultural practices within contemporary educational contexts. Contemporary challenges faced by indigenous communities include inadequate funding, limited educational autonomy, and the erosion of cultural heritage amidst globalization. However, opportunities for decolonizing education and advancing indigenous-led initiatives exist. These include incorporating indigenous perspectives into curricula, empowering indigenous communities in educational governance, and supporting initiatives for cultural revitalization. Through collaborative efforts that center indigenous voices and prioritize cultural revitalization, educational institutions can work towards fostering inclusive and equitable learning environments. Decolonizing education is essential for recognizing historical injustices, promoting cultural revitalization, and advancing educational equity within indigenous communities.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE

Rutika Bharatrao Solanke, Madhavi Digambarrao Borade , Gulshan Manohar Rathi — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Toothpaste is frequently employed. Typically, toothpaste is used to clean the mouth. Additionally, it is utilised to treat conditions including sensitivity and chronic gingivitis. Herbal extracts of numerous crude medications with antibacterial and antimicrobial properties can be used to make herbal toothpaste. Teeth Herbs such as ginger, clove, and peppermint are used in commercial herbal toothpaste formulations. Commercial herbal toothpastes including Himalaya, Meswak, and Dent County have all had their quality assessed in the current study. The goal of the current research is to create herbal. Toothpaste using plant extracts such as Neem, Tulshi Leaves, and Guava Leaves as well as Camphor, Honey Leaves Extract, Ginger, Lemon Oil Extract, Neem Stem & Bark, Babul Leaves, and other substances.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMPROVISED OVEN FOR BREAD AND PASTRY COMPETENCIES

Santos, Jay Lord S. — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, it is necessary to develop an improvised oven to meet the Technology and Home Economics competencies for bread and pastry. This quantitative research aimed to improvise an oven and determined the level of evaluation of the students, teachers, and practitioners on the improvised oven in terms of design, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, safety, durability, and functionality. The study identified 30 respondents using the stratified random sampling, and the project was evaluated using a 4-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using mean, ANOVA or Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significance, and descriptive analysis was used to interpret the data. Results of the study showed that the requirements and specifications on the development of the improvised oven requires different materials, various features to enhance their design, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, safety, durability, and functionality. Moreover, the improvised oven can be used as oven for bread and pastry as it was evaluated as “very much acceptable” along design, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, safety, durability, and functionality by the learners, teachers, and practitioners. Results further show that there is a significant difference in the evaluation of the students, teachers, and practitioners on the improvised oven across the parameters. It is recommended to use the improvised oven as an instructional material of teachers in teaching bread and pastry production.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL INHALANT GEL CONTAINING THYME OIL

Swapnil Bharat Rathod, Avinash Wagh, Sonali Tukaram Chavan — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Formulation and evaluation of a herbal inhalant gel containing thyme oil, aimed at providing a natural alternative for respiratory and skin applications. Thyme oil, renowned for its antimicrobial properties due to thymol and carvacrol, serves as a key ingredient. thyme plant shows beneficial activity for body. thyme oil in an inhalant gel provides antimicrobial, spasmolytic, and expectorant benefits, while also allowing for a natural, stable, and well-tolerated delivery system. The formulation process involves extraction of thyme oil from dried thyme leaves followed by incorporation into aloe vera gel. Pharmacological investigations reveal the potential bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects of thyme oil, supporting its therapeutic value in respiratory conditions. Evaluation tests encompass physical characteristics assessment, pH measurement, homogeneity analysis, spreadability test, and viscosity measurement. This comprehensive approach offers insights into the development of an effective herbal inhalant gel with thyme oil, promising for respiratory and skin health.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PRIVACY: SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS IN A DIGITAL AGE

Dr.Kiranbir Kaur, Dr. Arsheed Ahmad Ganie — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and privacy in our digital age presents profound implications for human rights. This article explores the multifaceted relationship between AI and privacy, examining ethical considerations, legal frameworks, emerging trends, and the roles of organizations and institutions in safeguarding individual rights. Beginning with an overview of AI technology and its applications, the discourse delves into the definition and significance of privacy in the digital realm. It scrutinizes how AI technologies leverage personal data, elucidating potential privacy risks and ethical dilemmas. Legal frameworks and international standards governing privacy and AI are examined, highlighting the importance of regulatory compliance and global cooperation. Case studies of privacy breaches involving AI underscore the imperative for accuracy, transparency, and responsible use of AI technologies. Privacy-preserving AI technologies, such as differential privacy and federated learning, are explored as mechanisms for maintaining user privacy amidst the proliferation of big data. Ethical principles guiding AI development, including transparency, fairness, and accountability, are emphasized as essential safeguards against privacy violations. The roles of organizations, governmental bodies, and non-governmental organizations in upholding privacy rights are delineated, emphasizing the need for collaboration and advocacy. Public awareness and education initiatives are deemed crucial for empowering individuals to navigate the complexities of AI and privacy. This article advocates for a holistic approach to AI governance, rooted in ethical principles and legal safeguards, to uphold privacy as a fundamental human right in the digital age.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL CHURNA IN AGNIMADNYA

Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ayurveda is a traditional medicinal system of India, having a unique approach and principle to study and treatment of various disorders. The polyherbal formulation of Churna is prepared as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India. It is used as ailment for various gastro intestinal diseases like acidity, gastric ulcers, Bloating joint disease, ete. Polyherbal Churna is also used as a remedy for Primary dysmenorrhea. The present study was carried out to check quality and purity of formulation using various parameter such as Organoleptic characteristics, Physical Parameters, Physicochemical analysis, was done using active ingredient in the Polyherbal Churna to check adulterants and all the ingredients are present in the formulation. And after completion of quality and purity test on Polyherbal Churna it is found to be more effective.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTISEPTIC SPRAY

Nikita Kailas Madke, Dipali Raut, Pooja Muley — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Topical spray are dosage forms in which polymeric solution of drug is sprayed over the intact skin so as to get a sustained release of pain from polymeric matrix. Some natural substances of plant origin have good antimicrobial properties and have been used as antimicrobial agent. The aims of present investigation were to assay antibacterial properties of crude extract of cinnamon stick and clove. Clove are rich in phenolic compound mainly eugenol which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal and wound healing properties. Topical film forming antiseptic spray of clove and cinnamon were developed for antiseptic application.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MORINGA 2 IN 1 HERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO AND CONDITIONER

Sachin Rajdhar Badak, Pooja Ambhure, Anuradha Jaid — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dandruff is a common scalp issue known for its recurrent nature, often posing challenges in management. Herbal remedies are increasingly preferred for their gentle yet effective approach to addressing dandruff. This abstract examines the formulation and effectiveness of a 2-in-1 anti-dandruff shampoo and conditioner based on Moringa. Moringa, recognized for its rich nutrient content and therapeutic qualities, has become notable in hair care products. This 2-in-1 offering combines the cleansing properties of a shampoo with the nourishing effects of a conditioner, presenting a holistic solution for dandruff-prone hair. The formulation incorporates Moringa leaf extract, celebrated for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and scalp-nourishing attributes. Research indicates Moringa's capability to combat Malassezia fungi, a primary dandruff cause, while fostering scalp health and fortifying hair follicles.

The synergistic combination of Moringa extract, herbal oils, and conditioning agents in this 2-in-1 blend effectively addresses dandruff by reducing flakes, soothing scalp irritation, and maintaining optimal scalp moisture. Consistent use not only controls dandruff but also enhances hair manageability, softness, and shine.

Feedback from consumers and clinical trials indicate promising outcomes, including a notable reduction in dandruff symptoms and an overall enhancement in hair health. Moreover, the natural origin of Moringa and the absence of harsh chemicals render this product suitable for prolonged use without compromising the integrity of the scalp and hair.

EXPLORING THE MOLECULAR AFFINITIES OF MEFENAMIC ACID & CELECOXIB BY USING AUTO-DOCK TOOL

Nitin Bajirao Sapkal, Seema Pralhad Rathod — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Mefenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding its interaction with biological targets at the molecular level is crucial for elucidating its therapeutic mechanisms and designing more effective derivatives. Molecular docking, a computational technique, offers insights into the binding modes and affinities of mefenamic acid with target proteins such as cyclooxygenases (COX) and other inflammatory mediators. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in molecular docking studies of mefenamic acid, highlighting its interactions with key residues within the active sites of target proteins. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of these findings for the development of novel mefenamic acid-based therapeutics with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF VITA-C SERUM

Vaishnavi Gulabrao Dalvi, Avinash Gajanan Wagh, Dnyaneshwar Dhondiba Dandale — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Vitamin C serum is a topical skincare product containing a high concentration of ascorbic acid, the active form of vitamin C. It provides numerous benefits for the skin, including increased collagen production, reduced signs of aging, improved skin tone and texture, and protection against sun damage. Vitamin C is an unstable molecule that can easily degrade when exposed to light, heat, and air Maintaining a low pH (below 3.5) is crucial for stabilizing vitamin C in serum formulations and enhancing skin penetration. The efficacy of vitamin C serum is directly proportional to its concentration, with 20% being the maximum effective level. Regular application of vitamin C serum can lead to a tenacious reservoir in the skin, providing long-lasting photoprotection. However, not all vitamin C derivatives used in cosmetic products are physiologically effective, as some may not be adequately delivered into the dermis or converted to the biologically active form. This project aims to develop a stable and effective vitamin C serum by improving the extraction and quantification methods .The stability and skin penetration of the serum will be evaluated under different storage conditions and application methods. The findings of this project will contribute to the development of improved vitamin C-based skincare products with enhanced efficacy and stability.

SEPARATION & IDENTIFICATION OF BINARY ORGANIC MIXTURE BY USING SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS APPROVAL

Dnyaneshwar Dhondiba Dandale, Yogiraj Muley, Vaishnavi Dalvi — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The separation and identification of binary organic mixtures are fundamental processes in organic chemistry, with wide-ranging applications in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and forensics. This project aims to develop a systematic approach for the qualitative analysis of binary organic mixtures, focusing on the separation and identification of individual components based on their unique chemical properties.

The outcomes of this project will contribute to the development of a systematic approach for the qualitative analysis of binary organic mixtures, providing valuable insights into the composition and properties of complex organic systems. The findings will have implications for various fields, including chemical education, analytical chemistry, and industrial applications. Overall, this project will advance our understanding of qualitative analysis techniques and their application in the separation and identification of binary organic mixtures, paving the way for future research and practical applications in organic chemistry.

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY DATA IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Ulmasbek Karimov — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sociological studies are not limited only to the fact that they simply record the major socio-political events taking place in society, but also comprehensively reveal its true essence and content. In this respect, sociology is also valuable among the Social Sciences for its accuracy and concreteness, for the fact that its scientific responses to the issues at hand are based in detail, repeatedly checked. The methodology of sociological research provides conditions for forecasting not only on a full-fledged response to the state of current social situations, but also on the basis of the degree of change in the prospects of social situations.

RELIGION IN THE DIGITAL AGE: APPROACHES IN STUDYING RELIGIOUS CONTENTS

Shahzoda Abduraimova — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Religious media content in traditional, digital, and web media space is serving as a powerful tool for studying religion. This article examines methodologies ranging from textual analysis of religious media content to digital trends. Approaches to the analysis of oral and written speech, as well as visual media contents, are revealed. It explores various methodologies used to study religious media content in the digital age. It argues that a multifaceted approach is necessary to understand the complexities of religious media. Textual analysis, visual analysis, ethnography, and digital methods, demonstrating how each approach can contribute to a deeper understanding of religious traditions.

THE EMERGENCE OF SHAZ QIRAT AND ITS TYPES

Madaminzoda Abdulatif Baxtiyor ogli — Sat, 08 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides information about shaz, its types, and the role of shaz in the eyes of recitation imams. Together with Shoz, other types of recitation were also discussed.

INNOVATIVE RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK AND MATHEMATICAL THINKING OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Kilichev Farkhod Davlatyarovich — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article highlights the innoative research potential on the improving the scientific outlook of young people in the higher education system. Furthermore, the influence of the Third Renaissance on the formation of the scientific outlook of young people through higher education is discussed.

HEPATO PROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF CNIDOSCOLUS PHYLLACANTHUS AGAINST D-GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS

Mr.Prashant Tiwari, Ms Priya Bisen, Dr. Neelesh Kumar Dwivedi — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of present investigation is one of traditionally used herbs anti-Hepatotoxicity being assessed against the Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in rats.The drug related Hepatotoxicity is uncommon for many drugs, the reported incidence is between 1 in 10,000- its true incidence is difficult to determine. The number may be much higher,because of underreporting,difficulties in detection or diagnosis,and incomplete observation of persons exposed (Navarro and John, 2006). Paracetamol treatment caused significant (p<0.001) decreases in the activities of SOD, catalase, GPx and GSH level in liver tissue when compared to control group.. Silymarin-treated animals also showed a significant (p<0.001) increase in antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD, catalase, GPx activities and GSH level compared to paracetamol-treated rats.To understand the effect of the extract on liver, histology of liver was performed. Firstly, Organoleptic Characterization of plant extract was performed. Organoleptic evaluations are subjective, sensory judgements. They can involve eyeing, feeling and taste of the extract to the judge its appearance, coour, integrity, texture and flavours. The organoleptic characters of alcoholic extract of Cnidoscolus Quercifolias leaf extract were found to be dark green in colour, semi solid, and taste is acrid. Solubility testing of alcoholic extract of Cnidoscolus Quercifolias leaf is done mainly to study the ability of the dissolve in different solvent for the preparation of aqueous extract for dosing. The alcoholic extractwas observed to be dissolved in water and DMSO. In the present study, the preliminary phytochemicals test was done on the alcoholic extract of Cnidoscolus Quercifolias leaf and it is found to be rich in Carbohydrates, Proteins, Saponin, Flavonoids and Phenolic compound. For the determination of protective effect of Cnidoscolus Quercifolias leaf extract against paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity, firstly level of GSH and SOD was checked. GSH and SOD level was tested in vehicle treated group after that Paracetamol treated group and then 200 mg/kg of plant extract along with Paracetamol treated group and after that 400 mg/kg of plant extract along with Paracetamol treated group

PROMOTING DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: ASSESSMENT AND EARLY INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Gayathri N.S — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Ensuring optimal development is paramount in pediatric healthcare. This review explores the significance of promoting developmental milestones in pediatric patients and outlines assessment techniques and early intervention strategies. It discusses the importance of early identification of developmental delays, multidisciplinary collaboration, and family-centered care in facilitating optimal outcomes. Keywords: pediatric patients, developmental milestones, assessment, early intervention, multidisciplinary collaboration.

AN OVERVIEW ON CANCER CHRONOTHERAPY

Rachana Botla, Syeda Nishat Fathima — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The circadian clock is a complex biological circuitry that controls the daily rhythm of functions such as sleep, body temperature, and digestion. The master “clock” is an area in the brain that senses environmental cues (such as light) and communicates information to secondary clocks in other organs. The breaking of circadian tolerance or disbalance in the circadian clock results in the outbreak of several diseases. The prime factors that play in a disbalance circadian clock are artificial light during day or night, unbalanced diet, work-life balance, and unbalanced lifestyle. Defects or disruption in normal circadian functioning and altered levels of clock gene expressions can increase the risk of prostate cancers, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, colorectal cancers, endometrial cancers, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, pancreatic cancers, osteosarcomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Chronotherapy for cancer involves optimal timing of drug delivery based on individual circadian times, which can improve treatment tolerability and efficacy of anti-cancer medications.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL CHURNA CONTAINING FENUGREEK EXTRACT FOR ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY

Sonali Tukaram Chavan, Avinash Hatkar, Swapnil Bharat Rathod — Wed, 09 Jun 2004 00:00:00 +0000

Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with significant public health implications, often resistant to conventional drug treatments. This paper explores the formulation and pharmacology of an herbal churna aimed at addressing depression using fenugreek seeds, ashwagandha, Brahmi, turmeric, and black pepper. These ingredients are selected based on their known antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, supported by their chemical constituents. The formulation process involves gathering, cleaning, drying, grinding, and mixing the ingredients in specific quantities. Pharmacologically, the churna leverages the antidepressant effects of compounds like 4-hydroxyisoleucine, withanolides, bacosides, and curcumin. The addition of black pepper enhances bioavailability. Evaluation tests such as organoleptic assessment, loss on drying, and ash value determination ensure quality and authenticity. This herbal churna presents a promising natural approach to managing depression, offering potential benefits for mental health and overall well-being.

EVALUATION AND PREPARATION OF HERBAL COUGH SYRUP BY IN-VITRO METHOD

Nikita Rajendra Ukarde, Avinash D. Hatkar, Dr.Sunil .S. Jaybhaye — Sun, 09 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The cough is a most common problem are face by the all people .there are the two types of cough one is the dry cough and second is the wet cough. The dry cough is a no mucus and secretion while in wet cough there is a cough mucus or secretion .the syrup is most commonly used and popular Dosage form there is a used in cure the cough and cold because it having case of patients compliance. The herbal cough syrup was formulated using Anacyclus pyrethrum flower extract, cinnamon, clove, ginger extract, tulsi, spearmint leaves extract and Honey.

The herbal cough syrup is studied which is liquid Dosage form it is easy to administer than solid Dosage form and is more effective and fst acting in order to cure cough.

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR QUANTIFICATION OF TINIDAZOLE BY REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Md Saleem, Dr.Dasari Srinivas, J Sravan Kumar, V.Raju, Sepuri Vijayalaxmi — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A simple and rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for determination of tinidazole level in human plasma was developed and validated. Hydrochlorothiazide was used as an internal standard (IS). Human plasma (0.4 ml) were deproteinized with 20 µl perchloric acid, vortexed and centrifuged. The supernatant 100 µl was collected and injected into the HPLC system. Analysis was performed using Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 50 mM potassium phosphate, dibasic (pH=3.0) and acetonitrile (80:20, v:v). The eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 317 nm. No interference from blank plasma components or commonly used drugs was observed. The relationship of tinidazole concentration and peak area ratio of tinidazole / IS was linear (R² ≥ 0.9902) in the range of 0.05 – 30 µg/ml, the intra and inter-day coefficient of variations were ≤8.9% and ≤8.2%, with a corresponding bias of ±8.2% and ±4.6%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of tinidazole and the IS were 83% and 95%, respectively. The method was applied to assess the stability of tinidazole under various conditions encountered in the clinical laboratory. Tinidazole stability in processed samples (stored at room temperature for 24 hours or at -20°C 48 hours), unprocessed samples (stored for 24 hours at room temperature or, 8 weeks at -20°C), and after three freeze and thaw cycles was ≥88%, respectively.

MOUNTAIN ELEMENTS IN THE FLORA OF BUKANTAU

Serekeeva G.A. — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the features of mountain elements in the flora of Bukantau. In general, the mountain elements that are still preserved here in remnants are only a reminder of the mountain floras that once dominated here. Now these floras represent the flora of rocky deserts (hamada), which is being replaced by psammophilous groups due to the intensification of xerophilization processes

RESEARCH OF AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN OF P-N JUNCTIONS

Abdreymov A.A., Tagaev M.B., Khozhamuratova A.R., Karimboeva V.R. — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The perfection of the source material, at the same time, very much depends on the technological processing methods used. Dislocations in the crystal structure are generated due to the occurrence of internal stresses, leading to plastic deformation of the material. Numerous studies have shown that one of the main causes of degradation and failure of semiconductor devices is the presence of internal mechanical stresses in them, the relaxation of which is accompanied by the appearance of structural defects.

ISSUES OF FINANCIAL SUPPLY MANAGEMENT AND INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF JOINT STOCK COMPANIES

Shernaev Akbar Akmirzayevich — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The main goal of the article is to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations regarding the importance of financial strategy in ensuring the financial stability and growth of joint-stock companies. It covers objectives such as setting in motion other mechanisms for joint-stock companies to operate in accordance with their status in accordance with market relations.

NAVIGATING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DYNAMICS AND TREATMENT PERSPECTIVES

Arun K S, Prejish C, Jomol P J, Anakha Vijayan, Bernaitis L — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the most common medical disorders, urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most of these infections affect the bladder and urethra, which are the main organs in the lower urinary system. Depending on the site and symptoms of the infection, UTIs might present as acute pyelonephritis, cystitis, or urethritis. UTIs can arise as a result of multiple risk factors. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, Enterobacter species, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and Acinetobacter species are common bacteria that cause these illnesses. Through processes including transformation, conjugation, transduction, and cross-resistance, antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause urinary tract infections is quickly rising. The potential of plant-based therapies as alternate UTI treatment alternatives is also explored in this paper.

RISK ASSESSMENT IN FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING ANALYSIS ON FISHERMAN PERSPECTIVE IN COASTAL REGION: A CASE STUDY

Mr.Swarn G Kanchan, Dr. C. K. Hebbar — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Assessing financial decision-making from a fisherman's perspective in coastal regions involves considering a range of risks. Market volatility, driven by fluctuations in fish prices and changing consumer demands, poses immediate challenges. Environmental factors, such as climate change and natural disasters, can disrupt fishing conditions, impacting yields. Regulatory uncertainties, including shifts in fishing quotas and environmental compliance standards, add complexities. Technological advancements may necessitate investments, while limited access to credit and interest rate fluctuations present financial risks. Study is done with secondary data such as case studies, literature reviews, books, blogs and internet sources. Findings show that it is reasonable to expect that conflicts in fisheries management will increase with time as human population grows and seafood demand increases.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT SECURITY MECHANISMS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Sirasani Srinivasa Rao, Gajula Madhavi, G.Ravi Kumar — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Designing energy-efficient security mechanisms is critical for WSNs due to their limited power resources. Techniques like low-power cryptography, duty cycling, and energy-aware security protocols can help in achieving security without significantly impacting the energy consumption of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy aware geographical multipath routing scheme for WSNs. The distance to the destination location, remaining battery capacity, and queue size of candidate sensor nodes in the local communication range are taken into consideration for next hop relay node selection, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographical Routing Algorithm (GRA) are applied for decision making. Simulation results show that these schemes can extend the network lifetime longer than the original geographical routing scheme which only considers distance to the destination location.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS MOTIVATING THE BUILDING AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKERS FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE BUILDING AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKERS WELFARE BOARD

Sushree Sanghamitra — Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to observe and know the Labour welfare measures which play a significant role that influencing the level of job satisfaction of employees and help the employers in indifferent ways. So certain amount of investment for the success and the progress of the organizations or the construction sites and somehow for the society. The universe of the study includes three hundred building construction workers from different construction sites within the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. After collecting the data, they were coded and analysed by using SPSS. Binary Logistic Regression Analysis was used to show the relationship between the registration of construction workers and different labour welfare measures of OB&OCWWB. Results indicated that the registration of building construction workers depends upon the increased monetary benefits that they receive from the welfare board. This registration of the workers under the board does not depend upon their age, level of education, type of work, duration of working hours, tenure of job, and other basic amenities they receive from the board. The result of the binary logistic regression shows that different welfare measures significantly affect the registration of building construction workers under the welfare board.

FOUNDATIONS OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION FOR YOUNG LEARNERS

Madaminova Umida Rustam qizi — Wed, 12 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

English language teaching can be applied at all ages and at all levels, it is a process that must be taken very seriously. Foreign language teaching at an early age is increasingly taught in our country in recent years. Language teaching and learning is gaining great focus and importance. The active exposure of an ESL (English as a second language) learner to language content during the early years of language acquisition by an English language teacher promotes the learning of a second or foreign language. The ESL programs designed for young learners, usually referring to school-aged kids less than 12 years, help these non-native speakers of English to become comfortable with language use. This is demonstrated through reading comprehension, spoken fluency, and effective writing. The ESL teachers must focus on appropriate language teaching methodologies and strategies which can be effectively incorporated in teaching English as a second language for developing English language competency during early education.

DETAILED EXPRESSION OF THOUGHT IN SEMANTICS

Mullasadikova Nigora Miramonovna — Wed, 12 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of the article is to introduce what styles a speaker can use to express his opinion.

“Speech” is considered the most important factor in expressing an idea. The structure of sentences is actually studied in grammar, but the meanings expected from them are not considered a subject of grammar; this issue is analyzed in the science of stylistics. In the science of meaning, there are three ways of expressing thoughts: ijaz, itnab and musawa. The speaker must express his purpose according to the listener's situation. If he expresses his opinion briefly and succinctly, then it is called “ijaz”, and if he expresses it in detail, then it is called “itnob”.

This article provides information about the concept of “itnob” and its use, which is one of the unique ways of expressing thoughts in Arabic style. The article was written using comparative historical, comparative typological, systemic structural, and descriptive methods.

TASK-BASED LEARNING THROUGH BLOGGING AND WRITING COMPETENCE AMONG GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF TANAUAN INSTITUTE INC

Geraldine B. Enriquez — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Writing is a way of communicating with one another, it is essential that students should be competent in sentence structure, vocabulary, grammar, and correct usage in able to successful in communication. If someone failed to do so, then he will likely make a wrong impression. Thus, it is important for teachers to create innovative tasks that include the students’ interest to improve their writing competence. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comprehensive study in order to assess the effectiveness of utilization of task-based learning in teaching and the writing skills of Senior High School students at Tanauan Institute Inc. The respondents were chosen in a non-random way, assigning forty (40) Grade 11 students at Tanauan Institute, Inc. who are taking Creative Non-Fiction subject during the academic year 2023-2024. The researcher utilized the one group pre-test post-test research design in order to determine the respondents’ writing competence in terms of sentence structure, vocabulary, grammar and correct usage. The pre-test was conducted before accomplishing the blogging task while the post-test was done after the intervention was exposed to the respondents. The study revealed that there is a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents in terms of vocabulary and correct usage which imply that the task-based activity can improve the respondents’ writing competence.

COMPUTER CHARACTERISTICS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CONGENITAL ATRESIA OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CАNAL IN COMBINATION WITH ANOMALITY OF MIDDLE EAR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN

Khasanova U.S., Yusupov S.R. — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Based on the latest achievements in the field of information technology, the article discusses the identification of the type of hearing impairment using computer technology. The study was conducted between November 2021 and August 2023 at the Department of Plastic Surgery at Children's National Center.

As a result of the study, it was found that in 44 children with EAC, bilateral lesions were detected in 65.7%, and bilateral lesions in 23 (34.3%). Children more often received lesions on both sides, while the predominance of right-sided localization of EAS was typical for boys.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL COUGH SYRUP FROM NATURAL INGREDIENTS

Sima Lahu Rathod, Sachin S. Dighole, Anand Daulatrao Khendke — Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Herbal cough syrup is an ayurvedic medicine ancient time peoples use various plant, roots, and leaves for treatment various disease. Herbal cough syrup is an ayurveda medicine which is useful in many chronic health problem such as cough, cold, fever, respiratory infection and disorders among human. As a combination of herbs, it is safe, can be made at home, has a low production cost, and can be easily available in any area. Herbal syrup including natural herbs, like bay leaves, lemon, Ginger and which have various action and effect on reducing acute or chronic cough and cold and act as cough suppressant having expectorant and antitussive property. In this research, I conclude about herbal cough syrup that, herbal cough syrups is safest herbal medicine which is use for treatment.

NAVIGATING THE LAW OF KARMA: UNDERSTANDING, MANAGING, AND INTEGRATING SPIRITUAL WISDOM

Prof.Dr.Gurudutta P Japee — Mon, 17 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of Karma, rooted in various spiritual and religious traditions, embodies the principle of cause and effect, suggesting that our actions, intentions, and choices ripple through existence, shaping our present and future experiences. This paper delves into the multifaceted dimensions of the Law of Karma, exploring its intricacies and implications for personal and collective growth.

At its core, the Law of Karma emphasizes the significance of intentions, highlighting the notion that the quality of our actions is intimately tied to the purity of our motives. Additionally, it underscores the importance of conscious choices, recognizing that each decision carries profound consequences that reverberate throughout the cosmos. Furthermore, the Law of Karma elucidates the role of habits in shaping our destiny, emphasizing the power of consistent patterns of behaviour in shaping our reality.

Drawing upon strategic management principles, this paper proposes practical frameworks for navigating the Law of Karma effectively. By cultivating mindfulness and awareness, individuals can align their intentions with higher principles, thereby steering their actions towards positive outcomes. Moreover, strategic planning and foresight enable individuals to make informed choices, mitigating potential karmic repercussions and fostering growth-oriented trajectories.

Moreover, this paper examines diverse religious perspectives on Karma, elucidating how different spiritual traditions interpret and apply this universal law. By synthesizing insights from Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, a holistic understanding of Karma emerges, enriching our appreciation of its profound wisdom.

In essence, this paper serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding, managing, and integrating the Law of Karma into our lives, empowering individuals to navigate the complexities of existence with wisdom, purpose, and grace.