NAVIGATING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DYNAMICS AND TREATMENT PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

One of the most common medical disorders, urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most of these infections affect the bladder and urethra, which are the main organs in the lower urinary system. Depending on the site and symptoms of the infection, UTIs might present as acute pyelonephritis, cystitis, or urethritis. UTIs can arise as a result of multiple risk factors. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, Enterobacter species, coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and Acinetobacter species are common bacteria that cause these illnesses. Through processes including transformation, conjugation, transduction, and cross-resistance, antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause urinary tract infections is quickly rising. The potential of plant-based therapies as alternate UTI treatment alternatives is also explored in this paper.